In recent times, the Babylonians have become famous for their scientific achievements, although assessments of their knowledge of science have been clouded by the fact that much of it was based on divination.
The findings of Babylonian astrologers who over many centuries recorded details of their nightly observations nevertheless led to the correct calculation of the solar and lunar years, as well as accurate predictions of various astronomical phenomena like solar and lunar eclipses. The Babylonian calendar was based on the lunar year, but astrologers' discoveries led to it being reconciled with the solar year through intercalary (extra inserted) months.
The high achievements of late Babylonian astrology was largely the result of advanced mathematical techniques. Mathematics intrigued the Babylonians; their complex mathematical system (which was based on counting in sixties) was a truly remarkable achievement.
Many texts have been found which specifically deal with sophisticated algebra and geometry. Mathematics texts included exercises, like the geometric problems illustrated here.
